Python Concepts for Data Science: Python Functions
Function in any programming language is a sequence of statements in a certain order, given a name. When called, those statements are executed. So we don’t have to write the code again and again for each [type of] data that we want to apply it to. This is called code re-usability.
Python lets us group a sequence of statements into a single entity, called a function. A python function may or may not have a name.
Rules for naming python function (identifier)
We follow the same rules when naming a function as we do when naming a variable.
It can begin with either of the following: A-Z, a-z, and underscore(_).
The rest of it can contain either of the following: A-Z, a-z, digits(0-9), and underscore(_).
A reserved keyword may not be chosen as an identifier.
Types of Functions in Python
1. User-Defined Function
User-defined functions in python are the functions that are defined or customized to perform certain specific tasks.
1.1 Advantages of User-defined Functions
Python Function help divide a program into modules. This makes the code easier to manage, debug, and scale.
It allows function reuse. Every time we need to execute a sequence of statements, all we need to do is to call the function.
It allows us to change functionality easily, and different programmers can work on different functions.
Defining a Function
To define our own Python function, we use the ‘def’ keyword before its name. And its name is to be followed by parentheses, before a colon(:).
Example1: Defining a Function
def hello():
print("Hello")Note: The contents inside the body of the function must be equally indented.
Calling a Function
To call a Python function at a place in our code, we simply need to name it, and pass arguments, if any. Let’s call the function hello() that we defined in defining a function.
Example 2: Calling a Function
hello()
Functions with Parameter
Sometimes, we may want a function to operate on some variables, and produce a result. Such a function may take any number of parameters. Let’s take a function to add two numbers.
Example 3: Function with Parameter
def sum(a,b):
print(f"{a}+{b}={a+b}")
sum(2,3)
Here, the function sum() takes two parameters- a and b. When we call the function, we pass numbers 2 and 3. These are the arguments that fit a and b respectively. We will describe calling a function in point f. A function in Python may contain any number of parameters, or none.
Example 3a: Adding two parameter in two different datatype i.e. integer and float.
def sum2(a,b):
print(f"{a}+{b}={a+b}")
sum2(3.0,2)
Note: We can't add two incompatible type.
Example 3b: Adding two incompatible type
sum2('Hello',2)Output:
Python Return Function
A Python function may optionally return a value. This value can be a result that it produced on its execution. Or it can be something you specify, an expression or a value.
Example 4: Returning in a Function
def func1(a):
if a%2==0:
return 0
else:
return 1
func1(7)Output:
Deleting Python Function
We can delete a function with the ‘del’ keyword.
Example 5: Deleting a Function
2. Built-In Function
In-built functions in Python are the in-built codes for direct use. For example, print() function prints the given object to the standard output device .
In Python 3.9 (latest version), there are 69 built-in functions. Some of the commonly used in-built functions in Python are:
Method | Description |
abs() | returns the absolute value of a number |
all() | returns true when all elements in iterable are true |
ascii() | Returns String Containing Printable Representation |
format() | Formats a specified value |
Example 6: Built-In Function in Python
x = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(len(x)) # it return length of list
print(type(x)) # it return object type
3. Python Recursive Function
A very interesting concept in any field, recursion is using something to define itself. In other words, it is something calling itself.
In Python function, recursion is when a function calls itself. To see how this could be useful, let’s try calculating the factorial of a number. Mathematically, a number’s factorial is:
n!=n*n-1*n-2*…*2*1
Example 7: Recursive Function in Python
def facto(n):
if n==1:
return 1
return n*facto(n-1)
facto(5)Output:
In this article we learned about the Python function. First, we saw the advantages of a user-defined function in Python. Then, we can studied create, update, and delete a function. We also learned that a function may take arguments and may return a value.
Hence we can conclude that, functions is the core building blocks of any programming language that a programmer must learn to use. Python provides a large number of in-built methods for direct use and also allows us to define our custom functions.
Thank you for our time! Enjoy reading.